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Motives of Iran's nuclear prolifeartion
Stanovská, Kateřina ; Střítecký, Vít (advisor) ; Ludvík, Jan (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the issue of nuclear proliferation, specifically the motives of Iran's nuclear program. Given the unprecedented destructive potential of nuclear weapons, the international community has been trying to influence the course of Iran's nuclear policy for three decades. Unfortunately, their success has been limited. The aim of this work is to identify proliferation motives of Iran and to outline some of the steps that could be taken to minimize them. A basic theoretical framework was chosen, the conceptualization of Scott Sagan who categorizes the motives into three main groups - domestic, security and normative. However, because these models lack a clear identification of variables, the framework has been supplemented by specific indicators taken from the Stephen Meyer's concept. The work is instrumental case study, whose conclusion confirms the assumption that the realistic approach to the proliferation of nuclear weapons does not explain the overall structure of the motivation of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
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Securitization without escalation? The case of U.S.-Iran relations regarding nuclear proliferation
Petržilková, Daniela ; Karásek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Ludvík, Jan (referee)
- EN The aim of this thesis is to answer the research question of "Why did the US not conduct a military strike on Iranian nuclear facilities during the Trump presidency despite the sharp criticism of Iran's nuclear program?" The thesis presents several hypotheses that deal with the conditions for a military strike against nuclear facilities of a potential nuclear proliferator to be conducted. One such hypothesis is chosen to be confirmed or refuted in the case of US- Iran relations during Trump's presidency. The hypothesis states that Iran was able to deter the US by the threat of conventional retaliation. Methods of single case study and discourse analysis are used. The empirical part of the thesis firstly assesses whether all three steps of securitization as described by the Copenhagen school were completed. This work claims that Iranian nuclear program was indeed successfully securitized in the US during Trump's presidency. Secondly, an analysis of the components of Iranian conventional deterrence is provided. It is ascertained that Iran commanded strong enough conventional forces to be able to mount effective attacks on targets valuable to the US. All three conditions of the deterrent's credibility were also met, and Iran sufficiently communicated the threat to the US. Therefore, this thesis...
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Assesment of the Effectiveness of Economic Sanctions: The Cases of Iran and North Korea
Hába, Tomáš ; Ditrych, Ondřej (advisor) ; Plášek, David (referee)
This thesis examines the apparent discrepancy in success between Iran and North Korea when it comes to developing nuclear weapons. Both states at one time sought to acquire nuclear weapons for internal political and external security reasons. But whereas North Korea successfully detonated its first atomic bomb in 2006, Iran was pressured into an agreement in 2015 which put significant restraints on its nuclear programme. This thesis finds that there were multiple contributory factors that lay behind these differing outcomes. Specifically, it finds that while both nations had similar motivations to acquire nuclear weapons, their economic/military capabilities and the external pressure against their ambition differed in one case from the other. The ability of North Korea to deter a potential military attack from the United States together with the regime's ability to rely on its Chinese and South Korean partners for diplomatic protection as well as its own brutality towards its own population played the key role.
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Analysis of U.S. foreign policy towards nuclear-armed states in South Asia
Freitag, Vojtěch ; Ludvík, Jan (advisor) ; Smetana, Michal (referee)
Nuclear testing conducted by India and Pakistan in 1998 raised concerns among members of the whole international community. United States under Bill Clinton administration were in the front line in the fight against spreading nuclear weapons and following the tests the U.S. condemned both states and imposed economic sanctions. India and Pakistan found themselves under strong international pressure and according to the global nuclear regime were banned from trade with nuclear materials and technology. However, the sanctions were soon lifted and United States enhanced their relationship with India and ultimately ended its nuclear isolation. In fact, the Indo-U.S. deal from 2008 basically legitimised Indian nuclear weapons program and integrated India into the global nuclear order. On the contrary, Pakistan remained excluded and similar deal with the United States seems unrealistic. This thesis explains the differences in the U.S. approach applying a modified neorealist theory, which emphasizes systematic influences and to some extent also an influence of the U.S. President on the resulting foreign policy. The thesis is conceived as a comparative analysis. Using analytical framework on three levels, structural, state and an individual level, important factors that had an effect on the improvement of...
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The social construction of nuclear threat : US nuclear disarmament discourse, 1945-2014
Pyrihová, Marie ; Smetana, Michal (advisor) ; Hynek, Nikola (referee)
Nuclear weapons are the key element of the security policy of the United States of America since 1945. Since then, nuclear weapons and related nuclear threats were part of a social discourse of the United States. This thesis examined how these threats were socially constructed within the discourse by individual actors. Then, by discoursive analysis, the thesis investigated how the nuclear disarmament discourse responded to these identified threats. The study focused on how these identified threats and the nuclear disarmament discourse influenced each other in each period and how they impacted following periods. This diploma thesis examined the U.S. nuclear discourse while using a methodological framework of discoursive analysis. The diploma thesis operated with the theory of securitization and determined key moments, when particular threat was designated as existential to the security of the United States and when, eventually, this threat subsided.
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The Social Construction of Nuclear Threat: US Nuclear Disarmament Discourse, 1945 - 2014
Pyrihová, Marie ; Smetana, Michal (advisor) ; Kučera, Tomáš (referee)
Nuclear weapons remains in the security discourse of the United States for over 70 years. The threat of nuclear weapons changed its content several times since then. Our study examines how the nuclear threat was socially constructed and how different actors securitized the threat and to which purpose. Our Diploma thesis uses methodological framework of discourse analysis. We examine the political and social nuclear discourse in the U.S. along two levels of analysis: governmental level and nuclear disarmament level. The diploma thesis researches multiple governmental and societal sources in order to determine how different types of nuclear threat emerged within the discourse.
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Motives of Iran's nuclear prolifeartion
Stanovská, Kateřina ; Střítecký, Vít (advisor) ; Ludvík, Jan (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the issue of nuclear proliferation, specifically the motives of Iran's nuclear program. Given the unprecedented destructive potential of nuclear weapons, the international community has been trying to influence the course of Iran's nuclear policy for three decades. Unfortunately, their success has been limited. The aim of this work is to identify proliferation motives of Iran and to outline some of the steps that could be taken to minimize them. A basic theoretical framework was chosen, the conceptualization of Scott Sagan who categorizes the motives into three main groups - domestic, security and normative. However, because these models lack a clear identification of variables, the framework has been supplemented by specific indicators taken from the Stephen Meyer's concept. The work is instrumental case study, whose conclusion confirms the assumption that the realistic approach to the proliferation of nuclear weapons does not explain the overall structure of the motivation of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
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US Foreign Policy towards Iran: A Comparison of presidents Bush and Obama
Čermák, Michal ; Střítecký, Vít (advisor) ; Ditrych, Ondřej (referee)
The topic of the diploma thesis is a comparison of the American activities during the presidencies of George W. Bush and Barack Obama towards Iran, in regard to the threat of nuclear weapons proliferation. It observes the diplomatic actions in relation to Iran and other actors, who play an important role in this issue, and also some other methods, used by the world's leading superpower to prevent Iran from the development of nuclear weapons. The mentioned topic is situated into the broader context of continuity and change in the US security and foreign policy. The objective of the diploma thesis is to assess what where the differences in the US actions under Obama's administration, compared with the actions during the presidency of his predecessor, as well as how the Obama's administration followed them, and to assess how effective these actions were.
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